# The `dependency-submission` action The `gradle/actions/dependency-submission` action provides the simplest (and recommended) way to generate a dependency graph for your project. This action will attempt to detect all dependencies used by your build without building and testing the project itself. The dependency graph snapshot is generated via integration with the [GitHub Dependency Graph Gradle Plugin](https://plugins.gradle.org/plugin/org.gradle.github-dependency-graph-gradle-plugin), and submitted to your repository via the [GitHub Dependency Submission API](https://docs.github.com/en/rest/dependency-graph/dependency-submission). The generated snapshot files can be submitted in the same job, or saved for submission in a subsequent job. The generated dependency graph includes all of the dependencies in your build, and is used by GitHub to generate [Dependabot Alerts](https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/dependabot/dependabot-alerts/about-dependabot-alerts) for vulnerable dependencies, as well as to populate the [Dependency Graph insights view](https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/supply-chain-security/understanding-your-software-supply-chain/exploring-the-dependencies-of-a-repository#viewing-the-dependency-graph). ## General usage The following workflow will generate a dependency graph for a Gradle project and submit it immediately to the repository via the Dependency Submission API. For most projects, this default configuration should be all that you need. Simply add this as a new workflow file to your repository (eg `.github/workflows/dependency-submission.yml`). ```yaml name: Dependency Submission on: [ push ] permissions: contents: write jobs: dependency-submission: runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - name: Checkout sources uses: actions/checkout@v4 - name: Generate and submit dependency graph uses: gradle/actions/dependency-submission@v3 ``` ### Configuration parameters In some cases, the default action configuration will not be sufficient, and additional action parameters will need to be specified. See the example below for a summary, and the [Action Metadata file](action.yml) for a more detailed description of each input parameter. ```yaml name: Dependency Submission with advanced config on: [ push ] permissions: contents: read jobs: dependency-submission: runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - name: Checkout sources uses: actions/checkout@v4 - name: Generate and save dependency graph uses: gradle/actions/dependency-submission@v3 with: # Use a particular Gradle version instead of the configured wrapper. gradle-version: 8.6-rc-2 # The gradle project is not in the root of the repository. build-root-directory: my-gradle-project # Enable configuration-cache reuse for this build. cache-encryption-key: ${{ secrets.GRADLE_ENCRYPTION_KEY }} # Do not attempt to submit the dependency-graph. Save it as a workflow artifact. dependency-graph: generate-and-upload ``` # Resolving a dependency vulnerability ## Finding the source of a dependency vulnerability Once you have submitted a dependency graph, you may receive Dependabot Alerts warning about vulnerabilities in dependencies of your project. In the case of transitive dependencies, it may not be obvious how that dependency is used or what you can do to address the vulnerability alert. The first step to investigating a Dependabot Alert is to determine the source of the dependency. One of the best ways to do so is with a free Gradle Develocity Build Scan®, which makes it easy to explore the dependencies resolved in your build. image In this example, we are searching for dependencies matching the name 'com.squareup.okio:okio' in the _Build Dependencies_ of the project. You can easily see that this dependency originates from 'com.github.ben-manes:gradle-versions-plugin'. Knowing the source of the dependency can help determine how to deal with the Dependabot Alert. Note that you may need to look at both the _Dependencies_ and the _Build Dependencies_ of your project to find the offending dependency. ### When you cannot use Build Scans If publishing a free Build Scan to https://scans.gradle.com isn't an option, and you don't have access to a private [Develocity server](https://gradle.com/) for your project, you can use the [GitHub Dependency Graph Gradle Plugin to generate a report]([https://github.com/gradle/github-dependency-graph-gradle-plugin/blob/main/README.md#using-the-plugin-in-a-standalone-project](https://github.com/gradle/github-dependency-graph-gradle-plugin/blob/main/README.md#using-the-plugin-to-generate-dependency-reports)) listing the dependencies resolved in your build. After generating the dependency reports as described, it is possible to [determine the dependency source](https://github.com/gradle/github-dependency-graph-gradle-plugin/blob/main/README.md#using-dependency-reports-to-determine-the-underlying-source-of-a-dependency). ## Updating the dependency version Once you've discovered the source of the dependency, the most obvious fix is to update the dependency to a patched version that does not suffer the vulnerability. For direct dependencies, this is often straightforward. But for transitive dependencies it can be tricky. ### Dependency source is specified directly in the build If the dependency is used to compile your code or run your tests, it's normal for the underlying "source" of the dependency to have a version configured directly in the build. For example, if you have a vulnerable version of `com.squareup.okio:okio` in your `compileClasspath`, then it's likely you have a dependency like `com.squareup.moshi:moshi` configured as an `api` or `implementation` dependency. In this case there are 2 possibilities: 1. There is a newer, compatible version of `com.squareup.moshi:moshi` available, and you can just bump the version number. 2. There isn't a newer, compatible version of `com.squareup.moshi:moshi` In the second case, you can add a Dependency Constraint, to force the use of the newest version of `com.squareup.okio`: ```kotlin dependencies { implementation("com.squareup.moshi:moshi:1.12.0") constraints { // Force a newer version of okio in transitive resolution implementation("com.squareup.okio:okio:3.6.0") } } ``` ### Dependency source is a plugin classpath If the vulnerable dependency is introduced by a Gradle plugin, again the best option is to look for a newer version of the plugin. But if none is available, you can still use a dependency constraint to force a newer transitive version to be used. The dependency constraint must be added to the `classpath` configuration of the buildscript that loads the plugin. ```kotlin buildscript { repositories { gradlePluginPortal() } dependencies { constraints { // Force a newer version of okio in transitive resolution classpath("com.squareup.okio:okio:3.6.0") } } } plugins { id("com.github.ben-manes.versions") version("0.51.0") } ``` ## Limiting the dependencies that appear in the dependency graph By default, the `dependency-submission` action attempts to detect all dependencies declared and used by your Gradle build. At times it may helpful to limit the dependencies reported to GitHub, to avoid security alerts for dependencies that don't form a critical part of your product. For example, a vulnerability in the tool you use to generate documentation may not be as important as a vulnerability in one of your runtime dependencies. The `dependency-submission` action provides a convenient mechanism to filter the projects and configurations that contribute to the dependency graph. > [!NOTE] > Ideally, all dependencies involved in building and testing a project will be extracted and reported in a dependency graph. > These dependencies would be assigned to different scopes (eg development, runtime, testing) and the GitHub UI would make it easy to opt-in to security alerts for different dependency scopes. > However, this functionality does not yet exist. ### Excluding certain Gradle projects from to the dependency graph If you do not want the dependency graph to include dependencies from every project in your build, you can easily exclude certain projects from the dependency extraction process. To restrict which Gradle subprojects contribute to the report, specify which projects to exclude via a regular expression. You can provide this value via the `DEPENDENCY_GRAPH_EXCLUDE_PROJECTS` environment variable or system property. Note that excluding a project in this way only removes dependencies that are _resolved_ as part of that project, and may not necessarily remove all dependencies _declared_ in that project. If another project depends on the excluded project then it may transitively resolve dependencies declared in the excluded project: these dependencies will still be included in the generated dependency graph. ### Excluding certain Gradle configurations from to the dependency graph Similarly to Gradle projects, it is possible to exclude a set of configuration instances from dependency graph generation, so that dependencies resolved by those configurations are not included. To restrict which Gradle configurations contribute to the report, specify which configurations to exclude via a regular expression. You can provide this value via the `DEPENDENCY_GRAPH_EXCLUDE_CONFIGURATIONS` environment variable or system property. Note that configuration exclusion applies to the configuration in which the dependency is _resolved_ which is not necessarily the configuration where the dependency is _declared_. For example if you decare a dependency as `implementation` in a Java project, that dependency will be resolved in `compileClasspath`, `runtimeClasspath` and possibly other configurations. ### Example of project and configuration filtering For example, if you want to exclude dependencies in the `buildSrc` project, and exclude dependencies from the `testCompileClasspath` and `testRuntimeClasspath` configurations, you would use the following configuration: ```yaml jobs: build: runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - name: Checkout sources uses: actions/checkout@v4 - name: Generate and submit dependency graph uses: gradle/actions/dependency-submission@v3 env: # Exclude all dependencies that originate solely in the 'buildSrc' project DEPENDENCY_GRAPH_EXCLUDE_PROJECTS: ':buildSrc' # Exclude dependencies that are only resolved in test classpaths DEPENDENCY_GRAPH_EXCLUDE_CONFIGURATIONS: '.*[Tt]est(Compile|Runtime)Classpath' ``` ### Other filtering options The [GitHub Dependency Graph Gradle Plugin](https://plugins.gradle.org/plugin/org.gradle.github-dependency-graph-gradle-plugin) has other filtering options that may be useful. See [the docs](https://github.com/gradle/github-dependency-graph-gradle-plugin?tab=readme-ov-file#filtering-which-gradle-configurations-contribute-to-the-dependency-graph) for details. # Advance usage scenarios ## Using a custom plugin repository By default, the action downloads the `github-dependency-graph-gradle-plugin` from the Gradle Plugin Portal (https://plugins.gradle.org). If your GitHub Actions environment does not have access to this URL, you can specify a custom plugin repository to use. Do so by setting the `GRADLE_PLUGIN_REPOSITORY_URL` environment variable. ```yaml jobs: build: runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - name: Checkout sources uses: actions/checkout@v4 - name: Generate and submit dependency graph uses: gradle/actions/dependency-submission@v3 env: GRADLE_PLUGIN_REPOSITORY_URL: "https://gradle-plugins-proxy.mycorp.com" ``` ## Integrating the `dependency-review-action` The GitHub [dependency-review-action](https://github.com/actions/dependency-review-action) helps you understand dependency changes (and the security impact of these changes) for a pull request, by comparing the dependency graph for the pull-request with that of the HEAD commit. Example of a pull request workflow that executes a build for a pull request and runs the `dependency-review-action`: ```yaml name: Dependency review for pull requests on: [ pull_request ] permissions: contents: write jobs: dependency-submission: runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - name: Checkout sources uses: actions/checkout@v4 - name: Generate and submit dependency graph uses: gradle/actions/dependency-submission@v3 dependency-review: needs: dependency-submission runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - name: Perform dependency review uses: actions/dependency-review-action@v3 ``` Note that the `dependency-submission` action submits the dependency graph at the completion of the workflow Job. For this reason, the `dependency-review-action` must be executed in a dependent job, and not as a subsequent step in the job that generates the dependency graph. ## Usage with pull requests from public forked repositories This `contents: write` permission is [not available for any workflow that is triggered by a pull request submitted from a public forked repository](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/security-guides/automatic-token-authentication#permissions-for-the-github_token). This limitation is designed to prevent a malicious pull request from effecting repository changes. Because of this restriction, we require 2 separate workflows in order to generate and submit a dependency graph: 1. The first workflow runs directly against the pull request sources and will `generate-and-upload` the dependency graph. 2. The second workflow is triggered on `workflow_run` of the first workflow, and will `download-and-submit` the previously saved dependency graph. ***Main workflow file*** ```yaml name: Generate and save dependency graph on: [ pull_request ] permissions: contents: read # 'write' permission is not available jobs: dependency-submission: runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - name: Checkout sources uses: actions/checkout@v4 - name: Generate and save dependency graph uses: gradle/actions/dependency-submission@v3 with: dependency-graph: generate-and-upload ``` ***Dependent workflow file*** ```yaml name: Download and submit dependency graph on: workflow_run: workflows: ['Generate and save dependency graph'] types: [completed] permissions: contents: write jobs: submit-dependency-graph: runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - name: Download and submit dependency graph uses: gradle/actions/dependency-submission@v3 with: dependency-graph: download-and-submit # Download saved dependency-graph and submit ``` ### Integrating `dependency-review-action` for pull requests from public forked repositories To integrate the `dependency-review-action` into the pull request workflows above, a third workflow file is required. This workflow will be triggered directly on `pull_request`, but will wait until the dependency graph results are submitted before the dependency review can complete. The period to wait is controlled by the `retry-on-snapshot-warnings` input parameters. Here's an example of a separate "Dependency Review" workflow that will wait for 10 minutes for the above PR check workflow to complete. ```yaml name: dependency-review on: [ pull_request ] permissions: contents: read jobs: dependency-review: runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - name: 'Dependency Review' uses: actions/dependency-review-action@v3 with: retry-on-snapshot-warnings: true retry-on-snapshot-warnings-timeout: 600 ``` The `retry-on-snapshot-warnings-timeout` (in seconds) needs to be long enough to allow the entire `Generate and save dependency graph` and `Download and submit dependency graph` workflows (above) to complete. # Gradle version compatibility Dependency-graph generation is compatible with most versions of Gradle >= `5.2`, and is tested regularly against Gradle versions `5.2.1`, `5.6.4`, `6.0.1`, `6.9.4`, `7.1.1` and `7.6.3`, as well as all patched versions of Gradle 8.x. A known exception to this is that Gradle `7.0`, `7.0.1` and `7.0.2` are not supported. See [here](https://github.com/gradle/github-dependency-graph-gradle-plugin?tab=readme-ov-file#gradle-compatibility) for complete compatibility information.