Store/cache

Cache

Cache is an in-memory caching library written in 100% Kotlin. Primary features include:

• Time-based evictions (expirations)
• Size-based evictions
• Cache loader

While this library was originally written to be used by Store 4 for in-memory caching, it can also be used for general-purpose caching.

Download

Artifact is hosted on Maven Central.

Latest version:

Latest version of this library is aligned with Store 4.

Add the dependency to your build.gradle:

implementation 'com.dropbox.mobile.store:cache4:${store_version}'

Set the source & target compatibilities to 1.8

android {
    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility 1.8
        targetCompatibility 1.8
    }
    ...
}

Writing and Reading Cache Entries

Cache is a key-value based store with simple APIs.

To create a new Cache instance using Long for the key and String for the value:

val cache = Cache.Builder.newBuilder().build<Long, String>()

To start writing entries to the cache:

cache.put(1, "dog")
cache.put(2, "cat")

To read a cache entry by key:

cache.get(1) // returns "dog"
cache.get(2) // returns "cat"
cache.get(3) // returns null

To overwrite an existing cache entry:

cache.put(1, "dog")
cache.put(1, "bird")
cache.get(1) // returns "bird"

Cache Loader

Cache provides an API for getting cached value by key and using the provided loader: () -> Value lambda to compute and cache the value automatically if none exists.

val cache = Cache.Builder.newBuilder().build<Long, User>()

val userId = 1L
val user = cache.get(userId) {
    fetchUserById(userId) // potentially expensive call
}

// value succefully computed by the loader will be cached automatically
assertThat(user).isEqualTo(cache.get(userId))

Note that loader is executed on the caller's thread. Concurrent calls from multiple threads using the same key will be blocked. Assuming the 1st call successfully computes a new value, none of the loader from the other calls will be executed and the cached value computed by the first loader will be returned for those calls.

Any exceptions thrown by the loader will be propagated to the caller of this function.

Expirations and Evictions

By default Cache has an unlimited number of entries which never expire. But a cache can be configured to support both time-based expirations and size-based evictions.

Time-based Expiration

Expiration time can be specified for entries in the cache.

Expire After Access

To set the maximum time an entry can live in the cache since the last access (also known as time-to-idle), where "access" means reading the cache, adding a new cache entry, or replacing an existing entry with a new one:

val cache = Cache.Builder.newBuilder()
            .expireAfterAccess(24, TimeUnit.HOURS)
            .build<Long, String>()

An entry in this cache will be removed if it has not been read or replaced after 24 hours since it's been written into the cache.

Expire After Write

To set the maximum time an entry can live in the cache since the last write (also known as time-to-live), where "write" means adding a new cache entry or replacing an existing entry with a new one:

val cache = Cache.Builder.newBuilder()
            .expireAfterWrite(30, TimeUnit.MINUTES)
            .build<Long, String>()

An entry in this cache will be removed if it has not been replaced after 30 minutes since it's been written into the cache.

Note that cache entries are not removed immediately upon expiration at exact time. Expirations are checked in each interaction with the cache.

Size-based Eviction

To set the the maximum number of entries to be kept in the cache:

val cache = Cache.Builder.newBuilder()
            .maximumCacheSize(100)
            .build<Long, String>()

Once there are more than 100 entries in this cache, the least recently used one will be removed, where "used" means reading the cache, adding a new cache entry, or replacing an existing entry with a new one.

Deleting Cache Entries

Cache entries can also be deleted explicitly.

To delete a cache entry for a given key:

val cache = Cache.Builder.newBuilder().build<Long, String>()
cache.put(1, "dog")

cache.invalidate(1)

assertThat(cache.get(1)).isNull()

To delete all entries in the cache:

cache.invalidateAll()

Unit Testing Cache Expirations

To make it easier for testing logics that depend on cache expirations, Cache.Builder provides an API for setting a fake implementation of Clock for controlling (virtual) time in tests.

First define a custom Clock implementation:

class TestClock(var virtualTimeNanos: Long = -1) : Clock {
    override val currentTimeNanos: Long
        get() = virtualTimeNanos
}

Now you are able to test your logic that depends on cache expiration. A test might look like this:

@Test
fun `cache entry gets evicted when expired after write`() {
    private val clock = TestClock(virtualTimeNanos = 0)
    val oneMinute = TimeUnit.MINUTES.toNanos(1)
    val cache = Cache.Builder.newBuilder()
        .clock(clock)
        .expireAfterWrite(oneMinute, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
        .build<Long, String>()

    cache.put(1, "dog")

    // just before expiry
    clock.virtualTimeNanos = oneMinute - 1

    assertThat(cache.get(1))
        .isEqualTo("dog")

    // now expires
    clock.virtualTimeNanos = oneMinute

    assertThat(cache.get(1))
        .isNull()
}