Implement the GNU C library's random(3) pseudorandom number generator.
The algorithm is described: https://www.mscs.dal.ca/~selinger/random/
The rationale is to make the tests repeatable across differing platforms with
different underlying implementations of the random(3) library call.
More specifically: when executing tests with random ordering.
[extended tests]
Reviewed-by: Bernd Edlinger <bernd.edlinger@hotmail.de>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/9463)
(cherry picked from commit e9a5932d04)
