This issue was partially addressed by commit
972c87dfc7, which hardened its callee
BN_num_bits_word() to avoid leaking the most-significant word of its
argument via branching and memory access pattern.
The commit message also reported:
> There are a few places where BN_num_bits is called on an input where
> the bit length is also secret. This does *not* fully resolve those
> cases as we still only look at the top word.
BN_num_bits() is called directly or indirectly (e.g., through
BN_num_bytes() or BN_bn2binpad() ) in various parts of the `crypto/ec`
code, notably in all the currently supported implementations of scalar
multiplication (in the generic path through ec_scalar_mul_ladder() as
well as in dedicated methods like ecp_nistp{224,256,521}.c and
ecp_nistz256.c).
Under the right conditions, a motivated SCA attacker could retrieve the
secret bitlength of a secret nonce through this vulnerability,
potentially leading, ultimately, to recover a long-term secret key.
With this commit, exclusively for BIGNUMs that are flagged with
BN_FLG_CONSTTIME, instead of accessing only bn->top, all the limbs of
the BIGNUM are accessed up to bn->dmax and bitwise masking is used to
avoid branching.
Memory access pattern still leaks bn->dmax, the size of the lazily
allocated buffer for representing the BIGNUM, which is inevitable with
the current BIGNUM architecture: reading past bn->dmax would be an
out-of-bound read.
As such, it's the caller responsibility to ensure that bn->dmax does not
leak secret information, by explicitly expanding the internal BIGNUM
buffer to a public value sufficient to avoid any lazy reallocation
while manipulating it: this should be already done at the top level
alongside setting the BN_FLG_CONSTTIME.
Thanks to David Schrammel and Samuel Weiser for reporting this issue
through responsible disclosure.
Reviewed-by: Matt Caswell <matt@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Bernd Edlinger <bernd.edlinger@hotmail.de>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/9511)
(cherry picked from commit 8b44198b916015f77bef1befa26edb48ad8a0238)
Thanks to David Benjamin who reported this, performed the analysis and
suggested the patch. I have incorporated some of his analysis in the
comments below.
This issue can cause an out-of-bounds read. It is believed that this was
not reachable until the recent "fixed top" changes. Analysis has so far
only identified one code path that can encounter this - although it is
possible that others may be found. The one code path only impacts 1.0.2 in
certain builds. The fuzzer found a path in RSA where iqmp is too large. If
the input is all zeros, the RSA CRT logic will multiply a padded zero by
iqmp. Two mitigating factors:
- Private keys which trip this are invalid (iqmp is not reduced mod p).
Only systems which take untrusted private keys care.
- In OpenSSL 1.1.x, there is a check which rejects the oversize iqmp,
so the bug is only reproducible in 1.0.2 so far.
Fortunately, the bug appears to be relatively harmless. The consequences of
bn_cmp_word's misbehavior are:
- OpenSSL may crash if the buffers are page-aligned and the previous page is
non-existent.
- OpenSSL will incorrectly treat two BN_ULONG buffers as not equal when they
are equal.
- Side channel concerns.
The first is indeed a concern and is a DoS bug. The second is fine in this
context. bn_cmp_word and bn_cmp_part_words are used to compute abs(a0 - a1)
in Karatsuba. If a0 = a1, it does not matter whether we use a0 - a1 or
a1 - a0. The third would be worth thinking about, but it is overshadowed
by the entire Karatsuba implementation not being constant time.
Due to the difficulty of tripping this and the low impact no CVE is felt
necessary for this issue.
Reviewed-by: Paul Dale <paul.dale@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Viktor Dukhovni <viktor@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/8326)
(cherry picked from commit 576129cd72)
Reviewed-by: Matt Caswell <matt@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Levitte <levitte@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Nicola Tuveri <nic.tuv@gmail.com>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/7599)
(cherry picked from commit dd41956d80)
It was false positive, but one can as well view it as readability issue.
Switch even to unsigned indices because % BN_BYTES takes 4-6 instructions
with signed dividend vs. 1 (one) with unsigned.
Reviewed-by: Rich Salz <rsalz@openssl.org>
"Computationally constant-time" means that it might still leak
information about input's length, but only in cases when input
is missing complete BN_ULONG limbs. But even then leak is possible
only if attacker can observe memory access pattern with limb
granularity.
Reviewed-by: Rich Salz <rsalz@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/5254)
The new flag marks vectors that were not treated with bn_correct_top,
in other words such vectors are permitted to be zero padded. For now
it's BN_DEBUG-only flag, as initial use case for zero-padded vectors
would be controlled Montgomery multiplication/exponentiation, not
general purpose. For general purpose use another type might be more
appropriate. Advantage of this suggestion is that it's possible to
back-port it...
bn/bn_div.c: fix memory sanitizer problem.
bn/bn_sqr.c: harmonize with BN_mul.
Reviewed-by: Rich Salz <rsalz@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: David Benjamin <davidben@google.com>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/6662)
Trouble is that addition is postponing expansion till carry is
calculated, and if addition carries, top word can be zero, which
triggers assertion in bn_check_top.
Reviewed-by: Rich Salz <rsalz@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: David Benjamin <davidben@google.com>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/6662)
Co-authored-by: Nicola Tuveri <nic.tuv@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Cesar Pereida Garcia <cesar.pereidagarcia@tut.fi>
Co-authored-by: Sohaib ul Hassan <soh.19.hassan@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Andy Polyakov <appro@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Matt Caswell <matt@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/6009)
(This patch was written by Andy Polyakov. I only wrote the commit
message. Mistakes in the analysis are my fault.)
BN_num_bits, by way of BN_num_bits_word, currently leaks the
most-significant word of its argument via branching and memory access
pattern.
BN_num_bits is called on RSA prime factors in various places. These have
public bit lengths, but all bits beyond the high bit are secret. This
fully resolves those cases.
There are a few places where BN_num_bits is called on an input where the
bit length is also secret. This does *not* fully resolve those cases as
we still only look at the top word. Today, that is guaranteed to be
non-zero, but only because of the long-standing bn_correct_top timing
leak. Once that is fixed, a constant-time BN_num_bits on such inputs
must count bits on each word.
Instead, those cases should not call BN_num_bits at all. In particular,
BN_mod_exp_mont_consttime uses the exponent bit width to pick windows,
but it should be using the maximum bit width. The next patch will fix
this.
Thanks to Dinghao Wu, Danfeng Zhang, Shuai Wang, Pei Wang, and Xiao Liu
for reporting this issue.
Reviewed-by: Paul Dale <paul.dale@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Rich Salz <rsalz@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/5154)
Commit 9f9442918a changed the semantics of BN_copy() to additionally
copy the BN_FLG_CONSTTIME flag if it is set. This turns out to be
ill advised as it has unintended consequences. For example calling
BN_mod_inverse_no_branch() can sometimes return a result with the flag
set and sometimes not as a result. This can lead to later failures if we
go down code branches that do not support constant time, but check for
the presence of the flag.
The original commit was made due to an issue in BN_MOD_CTX_set(). The
original PR fixed the problem in that function, but it was changed in
review to fix it in BN_copy() instead. The solution seems to be to revert
the BN_copy() change and go back to the originally proposed way.
Reviewed-by: Paul Dale <paul.dale@oracle.com>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/5080)
The function BN_security_bits() uses the values from SP800-57 to assign
security bit values for different FF key sizes. However the value for 192
security bits is wrong. SP800-57 has it as 7680 but the code had it as
7690.
Reviewed-by: Tim Hudson <tjh@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Rich Salz <rsalz@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/4546)
Since return is inconsistent, I removed unnecessary parentheses and
unified them.
Reviewed-by: Rich Salz <rsalz@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Matt Caswell <matt@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/4541)
If BN_FLG_STATIC_DATA is set don't cleanse a->d as it will reside
in read only memory. If BN_FLG_MALLOCED is not set don't modify the
BIGNUM at all.
This change applies to BN_clear_free() and BN_free(). Now the BIGNUM
structure is opaque applications cannot create a BIGNUM structure
without BN_FLG_MALLOCED being set so they are unaffected.
Update internal DH routines so they only copy pointers for read only
parameters.
Reviewed-by: Andy Polyakov <appro@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/4485)
Commit d5aa14dd simplified the bn_expand_internal() and BN_copy() functions.
Unfortunately it also removed some checks which are still required,
otherwise we call memcpy passing in NULL which is not allowed.
Reviewed-by: Tim Hudson <tjh@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/2836)
Never output -0; make "negative zero" an impossibility.
Do better checking on BN_rand top/bottom requirements and #bits.
Update doc.
Ignoring trailing garbage in BN_asc2bn.
Port this commit from boringSSL: https://boringssl.googlesource.com/boringssl/+/899b9b19a4cd3fe526aaf5047ab9234cdca19f7d%5E!/
Ensure |BN_div| never gives negative zero in the no_branch code.
Have |bn_correct_top| fix |bn->neg| if the input is zero so that we
don't have negative zeros lying around.
Thanks to Brian Smith for noticing.
Reviewed-by: Richard Levitte <levitte@openssl.org>
extra spacing and 80 cols
Reviewed-by: Rich Salz <rsalz@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Levitte <levitte@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/1366)
Since NDEBUG is defined unconditionally on command line for release
builds, we can omit *_DEBUG options in favour of effective "all-on"
in debug builds exercised though CI.
Reviewed-by: Richard Levitte <levitte@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Emilia Käsper <emilia@openssl.org>
Add new function BN_bn2binpad() which checks the length of the output
buffer and pads the result with zeroes if necessary.
New functions BN_bn2lebinpad() and BN_lebin2bn() which use little endian
format.
Reviewed-by: Rich Salz <rsalz@openssl.org>
The use of the uninitialized buffer in the RNG has no real security
benefits and is only a nuisance when using memory sanitizers.
Reviewed-by: Rich Salz <rsalz@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Viktor Dukhovni <viktor@openssl.org>
This was done by the following
find . -name '*.[ch]' | /tmp/pl
where /tmp/pl is the following three-line script:
print unless $. == 1 && m@/\* .*\.[ch] \*/@;
close ARGV if eof; # Close file to reset $.
And then some hand-editing of other files.
Reviewed-by: Viktor Dukhovni <viktor@openssl.org>
Provide backwards-compatiblity for functions, macros and include
files if OPENSSL_API_COMPAT is either not defined or defined less
than the version number of the release in which the feature was
deprecated.
Reviewed-by: Richard Levitte <levitte@openssl.org>
The function rsa_ossl_mod_exp uses the function BN_with_flags to create a
temporary copy (local_r1) of a BIGNUM (r1) with modified flags. This
temporary copy shares some state with the original r1. If the state of r1
gets updated then local_r1's state will be stale. This was occurring in the
function so that when local_r1 was freed a call to bn_check_top was made
which failed an assert due to the stale state. To resolve this we must free
local_r1 immediately after we have finished using it and not wait until the
end of the function.
This problem prompted a review of all BN_with_flag usage within the
codebase. All other usage appears to be correct, although often not
obviously so. This commit refactors things to make it much clearer for
these other uses.
Reviewed-by: Emilia Käsper <emilia@openssl.org>
Create bn_free_d utility routine and use it.
Fix RT3950
Also a missing cleanse, from Loganaden Velvindron (loganaden@gmail.com),
who noticed it in a Cloudflare patch.
Reviewed-by: Richard Levitte <levitte@openssl.org>
Add secure heap for storage of private keys (when possible).
Add BIO_s_secmem(), CBIGNUM, etc.
Add BIO_CTX_secure_new so all BIGNUM's in the context are secure.
Contributed by Akamai Technologies under the Corporate CLA.
Reviewed-by: Richard Levitte <levitte@openssl.org>
There are header files in crypto/ that are used by a number of crypto/
submodules. Move those to crypto/include/internal and adapt the
affected source code and Makefiles.
The header files that got moved are:
crypto/cryptolib.h
crypto/md32_common.h
Reviewed-by: Rich Salz <rsalz@openssl.org>
