95e4ee81de
Reviewed-by: Matt Caswell <matt@openssl.org> (Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/10113) (cherry picked from commit 9a6abb95be42b88c7c5ebc8c97f14afdc5919aa1)
493 lines
20 KiB
Text
493 lines
20 KiB
Text
=pod
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=head1 NAME
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pem_password_cb,
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PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey, PEM_read_PrivateKey, PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey,
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PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey_traditional, PEM_write_PrivateKey,
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PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey, PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey,
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PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey_nid, PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey_nid,
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PEM_read_bio_PUBKEY, PEM_read_PUBKEY, PEM_write_bio_PUBKEY, PEM_write_PUBKEY,
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PEM_read_bio_RSAPrivateKey, PEM_read_RSAPrivateKey,
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PEM_write_bio_RSAPrivateKey, PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey,
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PEM_read_bio_RSAPublicKey, PEM_read_RSAPublicKey, PEM_write_bio_RSAPublicKey,
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PEM_write_RSAPublicKey, PEM_read_bio_RSA_PUBKEY, PEM_read_RSA_PUBKEY,
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PEM_write_bio_RSA_PUBKEY, PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY, PEM_read_bio_DSAPrivateKey,
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PEM_read_DSAPrivateKey, PEM_write_bio_DSAPrivateKey, PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey,
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PEM_read_bio_DSA_PUBKEY, PEM_read_DSA_PUBKEY, PEM_write_bio_DSA_PUBKEY,
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PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY, PEM_read_bio_Parameters, PEM_write_bio_Parameters,
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PEM_read_bio_DSAparams, PEM_read_DSAparams,
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PEM_write_bio_DSAparams, PEM_write_DSAparams, PEM_read_bio_DHparams,
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PEM_read_DHparams, PEM_write_bio_DHparams, PEM_write_DHparams,
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PEM_read_bio_X509, PEM_read_X509, PEM_write_bio_X509, PEM_write_X509,
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PEM_read_bio_X509_AUX, PEM_read_X509_AUX, PEM_write_bio_X509_AUX,
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PEM_write_X509_AUX, PEM_read_bio_X509_REQ, PEM_read_X509_REQ,
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PEM_write_bio_X509_REQ, PEM_write_X509_REQ, PEM_write_bio_X509_REQ_NEW,
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PEM_write_X509_REQ_NEW, PEM_read_bio_X509_CRL, PEM_read_X509_CRL,
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PEM_write_bio_X509_CRL, PEM_write_X509_CRL, PEM_read_bio_PKCS7, PEM_read_PKCS7,
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PEM_write_bio_PKCS7, PEM_write_PKCS7 - PEM routines
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=head1 SYNOPSIS
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#include <openssl/pem.h>
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typedef int pem_password_cb(char *buf, int size, int rwflag, void *u);
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EVP_PKEY *PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY **x,
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pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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EVP_PKEY *PEM_read_PrivateKey(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY **x,
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pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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int PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
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unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
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pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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int PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey_traditional(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY *x,
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const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
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unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
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pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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int PEM_write_PrivateKey(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
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unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
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pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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int PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
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char *kstr, int klen,
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pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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int PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
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char *kstr, int klen,
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pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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int PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey_nid(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY *x, int nid,
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char *kstr, int klen,
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pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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int PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey_nid(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY *x, int nid,
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char *kstr, int klen,
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pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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EVP_PKEY *PEM_read_bio_PUBKEY(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY **x,
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pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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EVP_PKEY *PEM_read_PUBKEY(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY **x,
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pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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int PEM_write_bio_PUBKEY(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY *x);
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int PEM_write_PUBKEY(FILE *fp, EVP_PKEY *x);
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RSA *PEM_read_bio_RSAPrivateKey(BIO *bp, RSA **x,
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pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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RSA *PEM_read_RSAPrivateKey(FILE *fp, RSA **x,
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pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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int PEM_write_bio_RSAPrivateKey(BIO *bp, RSA *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
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unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
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pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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int PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(FILE *fp, RSA *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
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unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
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pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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RSA *PEM_read_bio_RSAPublicKey(BIO *bp, RSA **x,
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pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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RSA *PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(FILE *fp, RSA **x,
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pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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int PEM_write_bio_RSAPublicKey(BIO *bp, RSA *x);
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int PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(FILE *fp, RSA *x);
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RSA *PEM_read_bio_RSA_PUBKEY(BIO *bp, RSA **x,
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pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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RSA *PEM_read_RSA_PUBKEY(FILE *fp, RSA **x,
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pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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int PEM_write_bio_RSA_PUBKEY(BIO *bp, RSA *x);
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int PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(FILE *fp, RSA *x);
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DSA *PEM_read_bio_DSAPrivateKey(BIO *bp, DSA **x,
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pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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DSA *PEM_read_DSAPrivateKey(FILE *fp, DSA **x,
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pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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int PEM_write_bio_DSAPrivateKey(BIO *bp, DSA *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
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unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
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pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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int PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(FILE *fp, DSA *x, const EVP_CIPHER *enc,
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unsigned char *kstr, int klen,
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pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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DSA *PEM_read_bio_DSA_PUBKEY(BIO *bp, DSA **x,
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pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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DSA *PEM_read_DSA_PUBKEY(FILE *fp, DSA **x,
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pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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int PEM_write_bio_DSA_PUBKEY(BIO *bp, DSA *x);
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int PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(FILE *fp, DSA *x);
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EVP_PKEY *PEM_read_bio_Parameters(BIO *bp, EVP_PKEY **x);
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int PEM_write_bio_Parameters(BIO *bp, const EVP_PKEY *x);
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DSA *PEM_read_bio_DSAparams(BIO *bp, DSA **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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DSA *PEM_read_DSAparams(FILE *fp, DSA **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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int PEM_write_bio_DSAparams(BIO *bp, DSA *x);
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int PEM_write_DSAparams(FILE *fp, DSA *x);
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DH *PEM_read_bio_DHparams(BIO *bp, DH **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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DH *PEM_read_DHparams(FILE *fp, DH **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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int PEM_write_bio_DHparams(BIO *bp, DH *x);
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int PEM_write_DHparams(FILE *fp, DH *x);
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X509 *PEM_read_bio_X509(BIO *bp, X509 **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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X509 *PEM_read_X509(FILE *fp, X509 **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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int PEM_write_bio_X509(BIO *bp, X509 *x);
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int PEM_write_X509(FILE *fp, X509 *x);
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X509 *PEM_read_bio_X509_AUX(BIO *bp, X509 **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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X509 *PEM_read_X509_AUX(FILE *fp, X509 **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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int PEM_write_bio_X509_AUX(BIO *bp, X509 *x);
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int PEM_write_X509_AUX(FILE *fp, X509 *x);
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X509_REQ *PEM_read_bio_X509_REQ(BIO *bp, X509_REQ **x,
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pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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X509_REQ *PEM_read_X509_REQ(FILE *fp, X509_REQ **x,
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pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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int PEM_write_bio_X509_REQ(BIO *bp, X509_REQ *x);
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int PEM_write_X509_REQ(FILE *fp, X509_REQ *x);
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int PEM_write_bio_X509_REQ_NEW(BIO *bp, X509_REQ *x);
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int PEM_write_X509_REQ_NEW(FILE *fp, X509_REQ *x);
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X509_CRL *PEM_read_bio_X509_CRL(BIO *bp, X509_CRL **x,
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pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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X509_CRL *PEM_read_X509_CRL(FILE *fp, X509_CRL **x,
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pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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int PEM_write_bio_X509_CRL(BIO *bp, X509_CRL *x);
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int PEM_write_X509_CRL(FILE *fp, X509_CRL *x);
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PKCS7 *PEM_read_bio_PKCS7(BIO *bp, PKCS7 **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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PKCS7 *PEM_read_PKCS7(FILE *fp, PKCS7 **x, pem_password_cb *cb, void *u);
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int PEM_write_bio_PKCS7(BIO *bp, PKCS7 *x);
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int PEM_write_PKCS7(FILE *fp, PKCS7 *x);
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=head1 DESCRIPTION
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The PEM functions read or write structures in PEM format. In
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this sense PEM format is simply base64 encoded data surrounded
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by header lines.
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For more details about the meaning of arguments see the
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B<PEM FUNCTION ARGUMENTS> section.
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Each operation has four functions associated with it. For
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brevity the term "B<TYPE> functions" will be used below to collectively
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refer to the PEM_read_bio_TYPE(), PEM_read_TYPE(),
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PEM_write_bio_TYPE(), and PEM_write_TYPE() functions.
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The B<PrivateKey> functions read or write a private key in PEM format using an
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EVP_PKEY structure. The write routines use PKCS#8 private key format and are
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equivalent to PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey().The read functions transparently
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handle traditional and PKCS#8 format encrypted and unencrypted keys.
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PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey_traditional() writes out a private key in the
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"traditional" format with a simple private key marker and should only
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be used for compatibility with legacy programs.
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PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey() and PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey() write a private
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key in an EVP_PKEY structure in PKCS#8 EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo format using
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PKCS#5 v2.0 password based encryption algorithms. The B<cipher> argument
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specifies the encryption algorithm to use: unlike some other PEM routines the
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encryption is applied at the PKCS#8 level and not in the PEM headers. If
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B<cipher> is NULL then no encryption is used and a PKCS#8 PrivateKeyInfo
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structure is used instead.
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PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey_nid() and PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey_nid()
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also write out a private key as a PKCS#8 EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo however
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it uses PKCS#5 v1.5 or PKCS#12 encryption algorithms instead. The algorithm
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to use is specified in the B<nid> parameter and should be the NID of the
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corresponding OBJECT IDENTIFIER (see NOTES section).
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The B<PUBKEY> functions process a public key using an EVP_PKEY
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structure. The public key is encoded as a SubjectPublicKeyInfo
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structure.
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The B<RSAPrivateKey> functions process an RSA private key using an
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RSA structure. The write routines uses traditional format. The read
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routines handles the same formats as the B<PrivateKey>
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functions but an error occurs if the private key is not RSA.
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The B<RSAPublicKey> functions process an RSA public key using an
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RSA structure. The public key is encoded using a PKCS#1 RSAPublicKey
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structure.
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The B<RSA_PUBKEY> functions also process an RSA public key using
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an RSA structure. However the public key is encoded using a
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SubjectPublicKeyInfo structure and an error occurs if the public
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key is not RSA.
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The B<DSAPrivateKey> functions process a DSA private key using a
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DSA structure. The write routines uses traditional format. The read
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routines handles the same formats as the B<PrivateKey>
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functions but an error occurs if the private key is not DSA.
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The B<DSA_PUBKEY> functions process a DSA public key using
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a DSA structure. The public key is encoded using a
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SubjectPublicKeyInfo structure and an error occurs if the public
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key is not DSA.
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The B<Parameters> functions read or write key parameters in PEM format using
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an EVP_PKEY structure. The encoding depends on the type of key; for DSA key
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parameters, it will be a Dss-Parms structure as defined in RFC2459, and for DH
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key parameters, it will be a PKCS#3 DHparameter structure. I<These functions
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only exist for the B<BIO> type>.
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The B<DSAparams> functions process DSA parameters using a DSA
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structure. The parameters are encoded using a Dss-Parms structure
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as defined in RFC2459.
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The B<DHparams> functions process DH parameters using a DH
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structure. The parameters are encoded using a PKCS#3 DHparameter
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structure.
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The B<X509> functions process an X509 certificate using an X509
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structure. They will also process a trusted X509 certificate but
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any trust settings are discarded.
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The B<X509_AUX> functions process a trusted X509 certificate using
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an X509 structure.
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The B<X509_REQ> and B<X509_REQ_NEW> functions process a PKCS#10
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certificate request using an X509_REQ structure. The B<X509_REQ>
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write functions use B<CERTIFICATE REQUEST> in the header whereas
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the B<X509_REQ_NEW> functions use B<NEW CERTIFICATE REQUEST>
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(as required by some CAs). The B<X509_REQ> read functions will
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handle either form so there are no B<X509_REQ_NEW> read functions.
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The B<X509_CRL> functions process an X509 CRL using an X509_CRL
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structure.
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The B<PKCS7> functions process a PKCS#7 ContentInfo using a PKCS7
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structure.
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=head1 PEM FUNCTION ARGUMENTS
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The PEM functions have many common arguments.
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The B<bp> BIO parameter (if present) specifies the BIO to read from
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or write to.
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The B<fp> FILE parameter (if present) specifies the FILE pointer to
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read from or write to.
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The PEM read functions all take an argument B<TYPE **x> and return
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a B<TYPE *> pointer. Where B<TYPE> is whatever structure the function
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uses. If B<x> is NULL then the parameter is ignored. If B<x> is not
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NULL but B<*x> is NULL then the structure returned will be written
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to B<*x>. If neither B<x> nor B<*x> is NULL then an attempt is made
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to reuse the structure at B<*x> (but see BUGS and EXAMPLES sections).
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Irrespective of the value of B<x> a pointer to the structure is always
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returned (or NULL if an error occurred).
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The PEM functions which write private keys take an B<enc> parameter
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which specifies the encryption algorithm to use, encryption is done
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at the PEM level. If this parameter is set to NULL then the private
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key is written in unencrypted form.
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The B<cb> argument is the callback to use when querying for the pass
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phrase used for encrypted PEM structures (normally only private keys).
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For the PEM write routines if the B<kstr> parameter is not NULL then
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B<klen> bytes at B<kstr> are used as the passphrase and B<cb> is
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ignored.
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If the B<cb> parameters is set to NULL and the B<u> parameter is not
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NULL then the B<u> parameter is interpreted as a null terminated string
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to use as the passphrase. If both B<cb> and B<u> are NULL then the
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default callback routine is used which will typically prompt for the
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passphrase on the current terminal with echoing turned off.
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The default passphrase callback is sometimes inappropriate (for example
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in a GUI application) so an alternative can be supplied. The callback
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routine has the following form:
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int cb(char *buf, int size, int rwflag, void *u);
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B<buf> is the buffer to write the passphrase to. B<size> is the maximum
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length of the passphrase (i.e. the size of buf). B<rwflag> is a flag
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which is set to 0 when reading and 1 when writing. A typical routine
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will ask the user to verify the passphrase (for example by prompting
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for it twice) if B<rwflag> is 1. The B<u> parameter has the same
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value as the B<u> parameter passed to the PEM routine. It allows
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arbitrary data to be passed to the callback by the application
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(for example a window handle in a GUI application). The callback
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B<must> return the number of characters in the passphrase or -1 if
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an error occurred.
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=head1 NOTES
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The old B<PrivateKey> write routines are retained for compatibility.
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New applications should write private keys using the
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PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey() or PEM_write_PKCS8PrivateKey() routines
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because they are more secure (they use an iteration count of 2048 whereas
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the traditional routines use a count of 1) unless compatibility with older
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versions of OpenSSL is important.
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The B<PrivateKey> read routines can be used in all applications because
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they handle all formats transparently.
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A frequent cause of problems is attempting to use the PEM routines like
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this:
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X509 *x;
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PEM_read_bio_X509(bp, &x, 0, NULL);
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this is a bug because an attempt will be made to reuse the data at B<x>
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which is an uninitialised pointer.
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These functions make no assumption regarding the pass phrase received from the
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password callback.
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It will simply be treated as a byte sequence.
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=head1 PEM ENCRYPTION FORMAT
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These old B<PrivateKey> routines use a non standard technique for encryption.
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The private key (or other data) takes the following form:
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-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
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Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
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DEK-Info: DES-EDE3-CBC,3F17F5316E2BAC89
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...base64 encoded data...
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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
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The line beginning with I<Proc-Type> contains the version and the
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protection on the encapsulated data. The line beginning I<DEK-Info>
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contains two comma separated values: the encryption algorithm name as
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used by EVP_get_cipherbyname() and an initialization vector used by the
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cipher encoded as a set of hexadecimal digits. After those two lines is
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the base64-encoded encrypted data.
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The encryption key is derived using EVP_BytesToKey(). The cipher's
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initialization vector is passed to EVP_BytesToKey() as the B<salt>
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parameter. Internally, B<PKCS5_SALT_LEN> bytes of the salt are used
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(regardless of the size of the initialization vector). The user's
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password is passed to EVP_BytesToKey() using the B<data> and B<datal>
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parameters. Finally, the library uses an iteration count of 1 for
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EVP_BytesToKey().
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The B<key> derived by EVP_BytesToKey() along with the original initialization
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vector is then used to decrypt the encrypted data. The B<iv> produced by
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EVP_BytesToKey() is not utilized or needed, and NULL should be passed to
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the function.
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The pseudo code to derive the key would look similar to:
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EVP_CIPHER* cipher = EVP_des_ede3_cbc();
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EVP_MD* md = EVP_md5();
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|
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unsigned int nkey = EVP_CIPHER_key_length(cipher);
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unsigned int niv = EVP_CIPHER_iv_length(cipher);
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unsigned char key[nkey];
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unsigned char iv[niv];
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memcpy(iv, HexToBin("3F17F5316E2BAC89"), niv);
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rc = EVP_BytesToKey(cipher, md, iv /*salt*/, pword, plen, 1, key, NULL /*iv*/);
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if (rc != nkey)
|
|
/* Error */
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|
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/* On success, use key and iv to initialize the cipher */
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|
=head1 BUGS
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|
The PEM read routines in some versions of OpenSSL will not correctly reuse
|
|
an existing structure. Therefore the following:
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PEM_read_bio_X509(bp, &x, 0, NULL);
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|
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where B<x> already contains a valid certificate, may not work, whereas:
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|
|
X509_free(x);
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x = PEM_read_bio_X509(bp, NULL, 0, NULL);
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|
|
is guaranteed to work.
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|
|
=head1 RETURN VALUES
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|
|
The read routines return either a pointer to the structure read or NULL
|
|
if an error occurred.
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|
|
The write routines return 1 for success or 0 for failure.
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|
|
|
=head1 EXAMPLES
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|
|
Although the PEM routines take several arguments in almost all applications
|
|
most of them are set to 0 or NULL.
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|
|
|
Read a certificate in PEM format from a BIO:
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|
|
X509 *x;
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|
|
|
x = PEM_read_bio_X509(bp, NULL, 0, NULL);
|
|
if (x == NULL)
|
|
/* Error */
|
|
|
|
Alternative method:
|
|
|
|
X509 *x = NULL;
|
|
|
|
if (!PEM_read_bio_X509(bp, &x, 0, NULL))
|
|
/* Error */
|
|
|
|
Write a certificate to a BIO:
|
|
|
|
if (!PEM_write_bio_X509(bp, x))
|
|
/* Error */
|
|
|
|
Write a private key (using traditional format) to a BIO using
|
|
triple DES encryption, the pass phrase is prompted for:
|
|
|
|
if (!PEM_write_bio_PrivateKey(bp, key, EVP_des_ede3_cbc(), NULL, 0, 0, NULL))
|
|
/* Error */
|
|
|
|
Write a private key (using PKCS#8 format) to a BIO using triple
|
|
DES encryption, using the pass phrase "hello":
|
|
|
|
if (!PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey(bp, key, EVP_des_ede3_cbc(),
|
|
NULL, 0, 0, "hello"))
|
|
/* Error */
|
|
|
|
Read a private key from a BIO using a pass phrase callback:
|
|
|
|
key = PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey(bp, NULL, pass_cb, "My Private Key");
|
|
if (key == NULL)
|
|
/* Error */
|
|
|
|
Skeleton pass phrase callback:
|
|
|
|
int pass_cb(char *buf, int size, int rwflag, void *u)
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
/* We'd probably do something else if 'rwflag' is 1 */
|
|
printf("Enter pass phrase for \"%s\"\n", (char *)u);
|
|
|
|
/* get pass phrase, length 'len' into 'tmp' */
|
|
char *tmp = "hello";
|
|
if (tmp == NULL) /* An error occurred */
|
|
return -1;
|
|
|
|
size_t len = strlen(tmp);
|
|
|
|
if (len > size)
|
|
len = size;
|
|
memcpy(buf, tmp, len);
|
|
return len;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
=head1 SEE ALSO
|
|
|
|
L<EVP_EncryptInit(3)>, L<EVP_BytesToKey(3)>,
|
|
L<passphrase-encoding(7)>
|
|
|
|
=head1 HISTORY
|
|
|
|
The old Netscape certificate sequences were no longer documented
|
|
in OpenSSL 1.1.0; applications should use the PKCS7 standard instead
|
|
as they will be formally deprecated in a future releases.
|
|
|
|
=head1 COPYRIGHT
|
|
|
|
Copyright 2001-2019 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
|
|
|
|
Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the "License"). You may not use
|
|
this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
|
|
in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
|
|
L<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
|
|
|
|
=cut
|