190 lines
5.6 KiB
Text
190 lines
5.6 KiB
Text
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=pod
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=head1 NAME
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CA.pl - friendlier interface for OpenSSL certificate programs
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=head1 SYNOPSIS
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B<CA.pl>
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[B<-?>]
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[B<-h>]
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[B<-help>]
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[B<-newcert>]
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[B<-newreq>]
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[B<-newreq-nodes>]
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[B<-newca>]
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[B<-xsign>]
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[B<-sign>]
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[B<-signreq>]
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[B<-signcert>]
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[B<-verify>]
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[B<files>]
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=head1 DESCRIPTION
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The B<CA.pl> script is a perl script that supplies the relevant command line
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arguments to the B<openssl> command for some common certificate operations.
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It is intended to simplify the process of certificate creation and management
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by the use of some simple options.
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=head1 COMMAND OPTIONS
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=over 4
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=item B<?>, B<-h>, B<-help>
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prints a usage message.
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=item B<-newcert>
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creates a new self signed certificate. The private key is written to the file
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"newkey.pem" and the request written to the file "newreq.pem".
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=item B<-newreq>
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creates a new certificate request. The private key is written to the file
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"newkey.pem" and the request written to the file "newreq.pem".
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=item B<-newreq-nodes>
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is like B<-newreq> except that the private key will not be encrypted.
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=item B<-newca>
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creates a new CA hierarchy for use with the B<ca> program (or the B<-signcert>
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and B<-xsign> options). The user is prompted to enter the filename of the CA
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certificates (which should also contain the private key) or by hitting ENTER
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details of the CA will be prompted for. The relevant files and directories
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are created in a directory called "demoCA" in the current directory.
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=item B<-pkcs12>
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create a PKCS#12 file containing the user certificate, private key and CA
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certificate. It expects the user certificate and private key to be in the
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file "newcert.pem" and the CA certificate to be in the file demoCA/cacert.pem,
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it creates a file "newcert.p12". This command can thus be called after the
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B<-sign> option. The PKCS#12 file can be imported directly into a browser.
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If there is an additional argument on the command line it will be used as the
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"friendly name" for the certificate (which is typically displayed in the browser
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list box), otherwise the name "My Certificate" is used.
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=item B<-sign>, B<-signreq>, B<-xsign>
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calls the B<ca> program to sign a certificate request. It expects the request
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to be in the file "newreq.pem". The new certificate is written to the file
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"newcert.pem" except in the case of the B<-xsign> option when it is written
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to standard output.
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=item B<-signCA>
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this option is the same as the B<-signreq> option except it uses the configuration
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file section B<v3_ca> and so makes the signed request a valid CA certificate. This
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is useful when creating intermediate CA from a root CA.
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=item B<-signcert>
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this option is the same as B<-sign> except it expects a self signed certificate
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to be present in the file "newreq.pem".
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=item B<-crl>
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generate a CRL
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=item B<-revoke certfile [reason]>
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revoke the certificate contained in the specified B<certfile>. An optional
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reason may be specified, and must be one of: B<unspecified>,
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B<keyCompromise>, B<CACompromise>, B<affiliationChanged>, B<superseded>,
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B<cessationOfOperation>, B<certificateHold>, or B<removeFromCRL>.
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=item B<-verify>
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verifies certificates against the CA certificate for "demoCA". If no certificates
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are specified on the command line it tries to verify the file "newcert.pem".
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=item B<files>
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one or more optional certificate file names for use with the B<-verify> command.
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=back
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=head1 EXAMPLES
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Create a CA hierarchy:
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CA.pl -newca
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Complete certificate creation example: create a CA, create a request, sign
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the request and finally create a PKCS#12 file containing it.
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CA.pl -newca
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CA.pl -newreq
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CA.pl -signreq
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CA.pl -pkcs12 "My Test Certificate"
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=head1 DSA CERTIFICATES
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Although the B<CA.pl> creates RSA CAs and requests it is still possible to
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use it with DSA certificates and requests using the L<req(1)|req(1)> command
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directly. The following example shows the steps that would typically be taken.
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Create some DSA parameters:
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openssl dsaparam -out dsap.pem 1024
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Create a DSA CA certificate and private key:
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openssl req -x509 -newkey dsa:dsap.pem -keyout cacert.pem -out cacert.pem
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Create the CA directories and files:
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CA.pl -newca
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enter cacert.pem when prompted for the CA file name.
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Create a DSA certificate request and private key (a different set of parameters
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can optionally be created first):
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openssl req -out newreq.pem -newkey dsa:dsap.pem
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Sign the request:
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CA.pl -signreq
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=head1 NOTES
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Most of the filenames mentioned can be modified by editing the B<CA.pl> script.
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If the demoCA directory already exists then the B<-newca> command will not
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overwrite it and will do nothing. This can happen if a previous call using
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the B<-newca> option terminated abnormally. To get the correct behaviour
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delete the demoCA directory if it already exists.
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Under some environments it may not be possible to run the B<CA.pl> script
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directly (for example Win32) and the default configuration file location may
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be wrong. In this case the command:
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perl -S CA.pl
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can be used and the B<OPENSSL_CONF> environment variable changed to point to
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the correct path of the configuration file "openssl.cnf".
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The script is intended as a simple front end for the B<openssl> program for use
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by a beginner. Its behaviour isn't always what is wanted. For more control over the
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behaviour of the certificate commands call the B<openssl> command directly.
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=head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
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The variable B<OPENSSL_CONF> if defined allows an alternative configuration
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file location to be specified, it should contain the full path to the
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configuration file, not just its directory.
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=head1 SEE ALSO
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L<x509(1)|x509(1)>, L<ca(1)|ca(1)>, L<req(1)|req(1)>, L<pkcs12(1)|pkcs12(1)>,
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L<config(5)|config(5)>
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=cut
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