server/lib/private/api.php

<?php
/**
 * @author Bart Visscher <bartv@thisnet.nl>
 * @author Bernhard Posselt <dev@bernhard-posselt.com>
 * @author Björn Schießle <schiessle@owncloud.com>
 * @author Joas Schilling <nickvergessen@owncloud.com>
 * @author Jörn Friedrich Dreyer <jfd@butonic.de>
 * @author Lukas Reschke <lukas@owncloud.com>
 * @author Michael Gapczynski <GapczynskiM@gmail.com>
 * @author Morris Jobke <hey@morrisjobke.de>
 * @author Robin Appelman <icewind@owncloud.com>
 * @author Thomas Müller <thomas.mueller@tmit.eu>
 * @author Tom Needham <tom@owncloud.com>
 * @author Vincent Petry <pvince81@owncloud.com>
 *
 * @copyright Copyright (c) 2016, ownCloud, Inc.
 * @license AGPL-3.0
 *
 * This code is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License, version 3,
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
 * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License, version 3,
 * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
 *
 */
use OCP\API;
use OCP\AppFramework\Http;

/**
 * @author Bart Visscher <bartv@thisnet.nl>
 * @author Bernhard Posselt <dev@bernhard-posselt.com>
 * @author Björn Schießle <schiessle@owncloud.com>
 * @author Joas Schilling <nickvergessen@owncloud.com>
 * @author Jörn Friedrich Dreyer <jfd@butonic.de>
 * @author Lukas Reschke <lukas@owncloud.com>
 * @author Michael Gapczynski <GapczynskiM@gmail.com>
 * @author Morris Jobke <hey@morrisjobke.de>
 * @author Robin Appelman <icewind@owncloud.com>
 * @author Thomas Müller <thomas.mueller@tmit.eu>
 * @author Tom Needham <tom@owncloud.com>
 * @author Vincent Petry <pvince81@owncloud.com>
 *
 * @copyright Copyright (c) 2015, ownCloud, Inc.
 * @license AGPL-3.0
 *
 * This code is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License, version 3,
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
 * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License, version 3,
 * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
 *
 */

class OC_API {

	/**
	 * API authentication levels
	 */

	/** @deprecated Use \OCP\API::GUEST_AUTH instead */
	const GUEST_AUTH = 0;

	/** @deprecated Use \OCP\API::USER_AUTH instead */
	const USER_AUTH = 1;

	/** @deprecated Use \OCP\API::SUBADMIN_AUTH instead */
	const SUBADMIN_AUTH = 2;

	/** @deprecated Use \OCP\API::ADMIN_AUTH instead */
	const ADMIN_AUTH = 3;

	/**
	 * API Response Codes
	 */

	/** @deprecated Use \OCP\API::RESPOND_UNAUTHORISED instead */
	const RESPOND_UNAUTHORISED = 997;

	/** @deprecated Use \OCP\API::RESPOND_SERVER_ERROR instead */
	const RESPOND_SERVER_ERROR = 996;

	/** @deprecated Use \OCP\API::RESPOND_NOT_FOUND instead */
	const RESPOND_NOT_FOUND = 998;

	/** @deprecated Use \OCP\API::RESPOND_UNKNOWN_ERROR instead */
	const RESPOND_UNKNOWN_ERROR = 999;

	/**
	 * api actions
	 */
	protected static $actions = array();
	private static $logoutRequired = false;
	private static $isLoggedIn = false;

	/**
	 * registers an api call
	 * @param string $method the http method
	 * @param string $url the url to match
	 * @param callable $action the function to run
	 * @param string $app the id of the app registering the call
	 * @param int $authLevel the level of authentication required for the call
	 * @param array $defaults
	 * @param array $requirements
	 */
	public static function register($method, $url, $action, $app,
				$authLevel = API::USER_AUTH,
				$defaults = array(),
				$requirements = array()) {
		$name = strtolower($method).$url;
		$name = str_replace(array('/', '{', '}'), '_', $name);
		if(!isset(self::$actions[$name])) {
			$oldCollection = OC::$server->getRouter()->getCurrentCollection();
			OC::$server->getRouter()->useCollection('ocs');
			OC::$server->getRouter()->create($name, $url)
				->method($method)
				->defaults($defaults)
				->requirements($requirements)
				->action('OC_API', 'call');
			self::$actions[$name] = array();
			OC::$server->getRouter()->useCollection($oldCollection);
		}
		self::$actions[$name][] = array('app' => $app, 'action' => $action, 'authlevel' => $authLevel);
	}

	/**
	 * handles an api call
	 * @param array $parameters
	 */
	public static function call($parameters) {
		$request = \OC::$server->getRequest();
		$method = $request->getMethod();

		// Prepare the request variables
		if($method === 'PUT') {
			$parameters['_put'] = $request->getParams();
		} else if($method === 'DELETE') {
			$parameters['_delete'] = $request->getParams();
		}
		$name = $parameters['_route'];
		// Foreach registered action
		$responses = array();
		foreach(self::$actions[$name] as $action) {
			// Check authentication and availability
			if(!self::isAuthorised($action)) {
				$responses[] = array(
					'app' => $action['app'],
					'response' => new OC_OCS_Result(null, API::RESPOND_UNAUTHORISED, 'Unauthorised'),
					'shipped' => OC_App::isShipped($action['app']),
					);
				continue;
			}
			if(!is_callable($action['action'])) {
				$responses[] = array(
					'app' => $action['app'],
					'response' => new OC_OCS_Result(null, API::RESPOND_NOT_FOUND, 'Api method not found'),
					'shipped' => OC_App::isShipped($action['app']),
					);
				continue;
			}
			// Run the action
			$responses[] = array(
				'app' => $action['app'],
				'response' => call_user_func($action['action'], $parameters),
				'shipped' => OC_App::isShipped($action['app']),
				);
		}
		$response = self::mergeResponses($responses);
		$format = self::requestedFormat();
		if (self::$logoutRequired) {
			OC_User::logout();
		}

		self::respond($response, $format);
	}

	/**
	 * merge the returned result objects into one response
	 * @param array $responses
	 * @return OC_OCS_Result
	 */
	public static function mergeResponses($responses) {
		// Sort into shipped and third-party
		$shipped = array(
			'succeeded' => array(),
			'failed' => array(),
			);
		$thirdparty = array(
			'succeeded' => array(),
			'failed' => array(),
			);

		foreach($responses as $response) {
			if($response['shipped'] || ($response['app'] === 'core')) {
				if($response['response']->succeeded()) {
					$shipped['succeeded'][$response['app']] = $response;
				} else {
					$shipped['failed'][$response['app']] = $response;
				}
			} else {
				if($response['response']->succeeded()) {
					$thirdparty['succeeded'][$response['app']] = $response;
				} else {
					$thirdparty['failed'][$response['app']] = $response;
				}
			}
		}

		// Remove any error responses if there is one shipped response that succeeded
		if(!empty($shipped['failed'])) {
			// Which shipped response do we use if they all failed?
			// They may have failed for different reasons (different status codes)
			// Which response code should we return?
			// Maybe any that are not \OCP\API::RESPOND_SERVER_ERROR
			// Merge failed responses if more than one
			$data = array();
			foreach($shipped['failed'] as $failure) {
				$data = array_merge_recursive($data, $failure['response']->getData());
			}
			$picked = reset($shipped['failed']);
			$code = $picked['response']->getStatusCode();
			$meta = $picked['response']->getMeta();
			$headers = $picked['response']->getHeaders();
			$response = new OC_OCS_Result($data, $code, $meta['message'], $headers);
			return $response;
		} elseif(!empty($shipped['succeeded'])) {
			$responses = array_merge($shipped['succeeded'], $thirdparty['succeeded']);
		} elseif(!empty($thirdparty['failed'])) {
			// Merge failed responses if more than one
			$data = array();
			foreach($thirdparty['failed'] as $failure) {
				$data = array_merge_recursive($data, $failure['response']->getData());
			}
			$picked = reset($thirdparty['failed']);
			$code = $picked['response']->getStatusCode();
			$meta = $picked['response']->getMeta();
			$headers = $picked['response']->getHeaders();
			$response = new OC_OCS_Result($data, $code, $meta['message'], $headers);
			return $response;
		} else {
			$responses = $thirdparty['succeeded'];
		}
		// Merge the successful responses
		$data = [];
		$codes = [];
		$header = [];

		foreach($responses as $response) {
			if($response['shipped']) {
				$data = array_merge_recursive($response['response']->getData(), $data);
			} else {
				$data = array_merge_recursive($data, $response['response']->getData());
			}
			$header = array_merge_recursive($header, $response['response']->getHeaders());
			$codes[] = ['code' => $response['response']->getStatusCode(),
				'meta' => $response['response']->getMeta()];
		}

		// Use any non 100 status codes
		$statusCode = 100;
		$statusMessage = null;
		foreach($codes as $code) {
			if($code['code'] != 100) {
				$statusCode = $code['code'];
				$statusMessage = $code['meta']['message'];
				break;
			}
		}

		return new OC_OCS_Result($data, $statusCode, $statusMessage, $header);
	}

	/**
	 * authenticate the api call
	 * @param array $action the action details as supplied to OC_API::register()
	 * @return bool
	 */
	private static function isAuthorised($action) {
		$level = $action['authlevel'];
		switch($level) {
			case API::GUEST_AUTH:
				// Anyone can access
				return true;
			case API::USER_AUTH:
				// User required
				return self::loginUser();
			case API::SUBADMIN_AUTH:
				// Check for subadmin
				$user = self::loginUser();
				if(!$user) {
					return false;
				} else {
					$userObject = \OC::$server->getUserSession()->getUser();
					if($userObject === null) {
						return false;
					}
					$isSubAdmin = \OC::$server->getGroupManager()->getSubAdmin()->isSubAdmin($userObject);
					$admin = OC_User::isAdminUser($user);
					if($isSubAdmin || $admin) {
						return true;
					} else {
						return false;
					}
				}
			case API::ADMIN_AUTH:
				// Check for admin
				$user = self::loginUser();
				if(!$user) {
					return false;
				} else {
					return OC_User::isAdminUser($user);
				}
			default:
				// oops looks like invalid level supplied
				return false;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * http basic auth
	 * @return string|false (username, or false on failure)
	 */
	private static function loginUser() {
		if(self::$isLoggedIn === true) {
			return \OC_User::getUser();
		}

		// reuse existing login
		$loggedIn = OC_User::isLoggedIn();
		if ($loggedIn === true) {
			$ocsApiRequest = isset($_SERVER['HTTP_OCS_APIREQUEST']) ? $_SERVER['HTTP_OCS_APIREQUEST'] === 'true' : false;
			if ($ocsApiRequest) {

				// initialize the user's filesystem
				\OC_Util::setUpFS(\OC_User::getUser());
				self::$isLoggedIn = true;

				return OC_User::getUser();
			}
			return false;
		}

		// basic auth - because OC_User::login will create a new session we shall only try to login
		// if user and pass are set
		if(isset($_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_USER']) && isset($_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_PW']) ) {
			$authUser = $_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_USER'];
			$authPw = $_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_PW'];
			$return = OC_User::login($authUser, $authPw);
			if ($return === true) {
				self::$logoutRequired = true;

				// initialize the user's filesystem
				\OC_Util::setUpFS(\OC_User::getUser());
				self::$isLoggedIn = true;

				/**
				 * Add DAV authenticated. This should in an ideal world not be
				 * necessary but the iOS App reads cookies from anywhere instead
				 * only the DAV endpoint.
				 * This makes sure that the cookies will be valid for the whole scope
				 * @see https://github.com/owncloud/core/issues/22893
				 */
				\OC::$server->getSession()->set(
					\OCA\DAV\Connector\Sabre\Auth::DAV_AUTHENTICATED,
					\OC::$server->getUserSession()->getUser()->getUID()
				);

				return \OC_User::getUser();
			}
		}

		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * respond to a call
	 * @param OC_OCS_Result $result
	 * @param string $format the format xml|json
	 */
	public static function respond($result, $format='xml') {
		$request = \OC::$server->getRequest();

		// Send 401 headers if unauthorised
		if($result->getStatusCode() === API::RESPOND_UNAUTHORISED) {
			// If request comes from JS return dummy auth request
			if($request->getHeader('X-Requested-With') === 'XMLHttpRequest') {
				header('WWW-Authenticate: DummyBasic realm="Authorisation Required"');
			} else {
				header('WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="Authorisation Required"');
			}
			header('HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized');
		}

		foreach($result->getHeaders() as $name => $value) {
			header($name . ': ' . $value);
		}

		$meta = $result->getMeta();
		$data = $result->getData();
		if (self::isV2($request)) {
			$statusCode = self::mapStatusCodes($result->getStatusCode());
			if (!is_null($statusCode)) {
				$meta['statuscode'] = $statusCode;
				OC_Response::setStatus($statusCode);
			}
		}

		self::setContentType($format);
		$body = self::renderResult($format, $meta, $data);
		echo $body;
	}

	/**
	 * @param XMLWriter $writer
	 */
	private static function toXML($array, $writer) {
		foreach($array as $k => $v) {
			if ($k[0] === '@') {
				$writer->writeAttribute(substr($k, 1), $v);
				continue;
			} else if (is_numeric($k)) {
				$k = 'element';
			}
			if(is_array($v)) {
				$writer->startElement($k);
				self::toXML($v, $writer);
				$writer->endElement();
			} else {
				$writer->writeElement($k, $v);
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function requestedFormat() {
		$formats = array('json', 'xml');

		$format = !empty($_GET['format']) && in_array($_GET['format'], $formats) ? $_GET['format'] : 'xml';
		return $format;
	}

	/**
	 * Based on the requested format the response content type is set
	 * @param string $format
	 */
	public static function setContentType($format = null) {
		$format = is_null($format) ? self::requestedFormat() : $format;
		if ($format === 'xml') {
			header('Content-type: text/xml; charset=UTF-8');
			return;
		}

		if ($format === 'json') {
			header('Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8');
			return;
		}

		header('Content-Type: application/octet-stream; charset=utf-8');
	}

	/**
	 * @param \OCP\IRequest $request
	 * @return bool
	 */
	protected static function isV2(\OCP\IRequest $request) {
		$script = $request->getScriptName();

		return substr($script, -11) === '/ocs/v2.php';
	}

	/**
	 * @param integer $sc
	 * @return int
	 */
	public static function mapStatusCodes($sc) {
		switch ($sc) {
			case API::RESPOND_NOT_FOUND:
				return Http::STATUS_NOT_FOUND;
			case API::RESPOND_SERVER_ERROR:
				return Http::STATUS_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
			case API::RESPOND_UNKNOWN_ERROR:
				return Http::STATUS_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
			case API::RESPOND_UNAUTHORISED:
				// already handled for v1
				return null;
			case 100:
				return Http::STATUS_OK;
		}
		// any 2xx, 4xx and 5xx will be used as is
		if ($sc >= 200 && $sc < 600) {
			return $sc;
		}

		return Http::STATUS_BAD_REQUEST;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $format
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function renderResult($format, $meta, $data) {
		$response = array(
			'ocs' => array(
				'meta' => $meta,
				'data' => $data,
			),
		);
		if ($format == 'json') {
			return OC_JSON::encode($response);
		}

		$writer = new XMLWriter();
		$writer->openMemory();
		$writer->setIndent(true);
		$writer->startDocument();
		self::toXML($response, $writer);
		$writer->endDocument();
		return $writer->outputMemory(true);
	}
}