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server/lib/db.php

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<?php
/**
* ownCloud
*
* @author Frank Karlitschek
* @copyright 2012 Frank Karlitschek frank@owncloud.org
*
* This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU AFFERO GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
* License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
* version 3 of the License, or any later version.
*
* This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU AFFERO GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public
* License along with this library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*
*/
/**
* This class manages the access to the database. It basically is a wrapper for
* MDB2 with some adaptions.
*/
class OC_DB {
const BACKEND_PDO=0;
const BACKEND_MDB2=1;
static private $connection; //the prefered connection to use, either PDO or MDB2
static private $backend=null;
static private $MDB2=false;
static private $PDO=false;
static private $schema=false;
static private $inTransaction=false;
static private $prefix=null;
static private $type=null;
/**
* check which backend we should use
* @return BACKEND_MDB2 or BACKEND_PDO
*/
private static function getDBBackend() {
//check if we can use PDO, else use MDB2 (installation always needs to be done my mdb2)
if(class_exists('PDO') && OC_Config::getValue('installed', false)) {
$type = OC_Config::getValue( "dbtype", "sqlite" );
if($type=='oci') { //oracle also always needs mdb2
return self::BACKEND_MDB2;
}
if($type=='sqlite3') $type='sqlite';
$drivers=PDO::getAvailableDrivers();
if(array_search($type, $drivers)!==false) {
return self::BACKEND_PDO;
}
}
return self::BACKEND_MDB2;
}
/**
* @brief connects to the database
* @returns true if connection can be established or nothing (die())
*
* Connects to the database as specified in config.php
*/
public static function connect($backend=null) {
if(self::$connection) {
return;
}
if(is_null($backend)) {
$backend=self::getDBBackend();
}
if($backend==self::BACKEND_PDO) {
self::connectPDO();
self::$connection=self::$PDO;
self::$backend=self::BACKEND_PDO;
}else{
self::connectMDB2();
self::$connection=self::$MDB2;
self::$backend=self::BACKEND_MDB2;
}
}
/**
* connect to the database using pdo
*/
public static function connectPDO() {
if(self::$connection) {
if(self::$backend==self::BACKEND_MDB2) {
self::disconnect();
}else{
return;
}
}
// The global data we need
$name = OC_Config::getValue( "dbname", "owncloud" );
$host = OC_Config::getValue( "dbhost", "" );
$user = OC_Config::getValue( "dbuser", "" );
$pass = OC_Config::getValue( "dbpassword", "" );
$type = OC_Config::getValue( "dbtype", "sqlite" );
if(strpos($host, ':')) {
list($host, $port)=explode(':', $host,2);
}else{
$port=false;
}
$opts = array();
$datadir=OC_Config::getValue( "datadirectory", OC::$SERVERROOT.'/data' );
// do nothing if the connection already has been established
if(!self::$PDO) {
// Add the dsn according to the database type
switch($type) {
case 'sqlite':
$dsn='sqlite2:'.$datadir.'/'.$name.'.db';
break;
case 'sqlite3':
$dsn='sqlite:'.$datadir.'/'.$name.'.db';
break;
case 'mysql':
if($port) {
$dsn='mysql:dbname='.$name.';host='.$host.';port='.$port;
}else{
$dsn='mysql:dbname='.$name.';host='.$host;
}
$opts[PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND] = "SET NAMES 'UTF8'";
break;
case 'pgsql':
if($port) {
$dsn='pgsql:dbname='.$name.';host='.$host.';port='.$port;
}else{
$dsn='pgsql:dbname='.$name.';host='.$host;
}
/**
* Ugly fix for pg connections pbm when password use spaces
*/
$e_user = addslashes($user);
$e_password = addslashes($pass);
$pass = $user = null;
$dsn .= ";user='$e_user';password='$e_password'";
/** END OF FIX***/
break;
case 'oci': // Oracle with PDO is unsupported
if ($port) {
$dsn = 'oci:dbname=//' . $host . ':' . $port . '/' . $name;
} else {
$dsn = 'oci:dbname=//' . $host . '/' . $name;
}
break;
}
try{
self::$PDO=new PDO($dsn, $user, $pass, $opts);
}catch(PDOException $e) {
echo( '<b>can not connect to database, using '.$type.'. ('.$e->getMessage().')</center>');
die();
}
// We always, really always want associative arrays
self::$PDO->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE, PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
self::$PDO->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
}
return true;
}
/**
* connect to the database using mdb2
*/
public static function connectMDB2() {
if(self::$connection) {
if(self::$backend==self::BACKEND_PDO) {
self::disconnect();
}else{
return;
}
}
// The global data we need
$name = OC_Config::getValue( "dbname", "owncloud" );
$host = OC_Config::getValue( "dbhost", "" );
$user = OC_Config::getValue( "dbuser", "" );
$pass = OC_Config::getValue( "dbpassword", "" );
$type = OC_Config::getValue( "dbtype", "sqlite" );
$SERVERROOT=OC::$SERVERROOT;
$datadir=OC_Config::getValue( "datadirectory", "$SERVERROOT/data" );
// do nothing if the connection already has been established
if(!self::$MDB2) {
// Require MDB2.php (not required in the head of the file so we only load it when needed)
require_once 'MDB2.php';
// Prepare options array
$options = array(
'portability' => MDB2_PORTABILITY_ALL - MDB2_PORTABILITY_FIX_CASE,
'log_line_break' => '<br>',
'idxname_format' => '%s',
'debug' => true,
'quote_identifier' => true );
// Add the dsn according to the database type
switch($type) {
case 'sqlite':
case 'sqlite3':
$dsn = array(
'phptype' => $type,
'database' => "$datadir/$name.db",
'mode' => '0644'
);
break;
case 'mysql':
$dsn = array(
'phptype' => 'mysql',
'username' => $user,
'password' => $pass,
'hostspec' => $host,
'database' => $name
);
break;
case 'pgsql':
$dsn = array(
'phptype' => 'pgsql',
'username' => $user,
'password' => $pass,
'hostspec' => $host,
'database' => $name
);
break;
case 'oci':
$dsn = array(
'phptype' => 'oci8',
'username' => $user,
'password' => $pass,
);
if ($host != '') {
$dsn['hostspec'] = $host;
$dsn['database'] = $name;
} else { // use dbname for hostspec
$dsn['hostspec'] = $name;
}
break;
}
// Try to establish connection
self::$MDB2 = MDB2::factory( $dsn, $options );
// Die if we could not connect
if( PEAR::isError( self::$MDB2 )) {
echo( '<b>can not connect to database, using '.$type.'. ('.self::$MDB2->getUserInfo().')</center>');
OC_Log::write('core', self::$MDB2->getUserInfo(), OC_Log::FATAL);
OC_Log::write('core', self::$MDB2->getMessage(), OC_Log::FATAL);
die( $error );
}
// We always, really always want associative arrays
self::$MDB2->setFetchMode(MDB2_FETCHMODE_ASSOC);
}
// we are done. great!
return true;
}
/**
* @brief Prepare a SQL query
* @param $query Query string
* @returns prepared SQL query
*
* SQL query via MDB2 prepare(), needs to be execute()'d!
*/
static public function prepare( $query , $limit=null, $offset=null ) {
if (!is_null($limit) && $limit != -1) {
if (self::$backend == self::BACKEND_MDB2) {
//MDB2 uses or emulates limits & offset internally
self::$MDB2->setLimit($limit, $offset);
} else {
//PDO does not handle limit and offset.
//FIXME: check limit notation for other dbs
//the following sql thus might needs to take into account db ways of representing it
//(oracle has no LIMIT / OFFSET)
$limitsql = ' LIMIT ' . $limit;
if (!is_null($offset)) {
$limitsql .= ' OFFSET ' . $offset;
}
//insert limitsql
if (substr($query, -1) == ';') { //if query ends with ;
$query = substr($query, 0, -1) . $limitsql . ';';
} else {
$query.=$limitsql;
}
}
}
// Optimize the query
$query = self::processQuery( $query );
self::connect();
// return the result
if(self::$backend==self::BACKEND_MDB2) {
$result = self::$connection->prepare( $query );
// Die if we have an error (error means: bad query, not 0 results!)
if( PEAR::isError($result)) {
$entry = 'DB Error: "'.$result->getMessage().'"<br />';
$entry .= 'Offending command was: '.$query.'<br />';
OC_Log::write('core', $entry,OC_Log::FATAL);
error_log('DB error: '.$entry);
die( $entry );
}
}else{
try{
$result=self::$connection->prepare($query);
}catch(PDOException $e) {
$entry = 'DB Error: "'.$e->getMessage().'"<br />';
$entry .= 'Offending command was: '.$query.'<br />';
OC_Log::write('core', $entry,OC_Log::FATAL);
error_log('DB error: '.$entry);
die( $entry );
}
$result=new PDOStatementWrapper($result);
}
return $result;
}
/**
* @brief gets last value of autoincrement
* @param $table string The optional table name (will replace *PREFIX*) and add sequence suffix
* @returns id
*
* MDB2 lastInsertID()
*
* Call this method right after the insert command or other functions may
* cause trouble!
*/
public static function insertid($table=null) {
self::connect();
if($table !== null) {
$prefix = OC_Config::getValue( "dbtableprefix", "oc_" );
$suffix = OC_Config::getValue( "dbsequencesuffix", "_id_seq" );
$table = str_replace( '*PREFIX*', $prefix, $table );
}
return self::$connection->lastInsertId($table.$suffix);
}
/**
* @brief Disconnect
* @returns true/false
*
* This is good bye, good bye, yeah!
*/
public static function disconnect() {
// Cut connection if required
if(self::$connection) {
if(self::$backend==self::BACKEND_MDB2) {
self::$connection->disconnect();
}
self::$connection=false;
self::$MDB2=false;
self::$PDO=false;
}
return true;
}
/**
* @brief saves database scheme to xml file
* @param $file name of file
* @returns true/false
*
* TODO: write more documentation
*/
public static function getDbStructure( $file ,$mode=MDB2_SCHEMA_DUMP_STRUCTURE) {
self::connectScheme();
// write the scheme
$definition = self::$schema->getDefinitionFromDatabase();
$dump_options = array(
'output_mode' => 'file',
'output' => $file,
'end_of_line' => "\n"
);
self::$schema->dumpDatabase( $definition, $dump_options, $mode );
return true;
}
/**
* @brief Creates tables from XML file
* @param $file file to read structure from
* @returns true/false
*
* TODO: write more documentation
*/
public static function createDbFromStructure( $file ) {
$CONFIG_DBNAME = OC_Config::getValue( "dbname", "owncloud" );
$CONFIG_DBTABLEPREFIX = OC_Config::getValue( "dbtableprefix", "oc_" );
$CONFIG_DBTYPE = OC_Config::getValue( "dbtype", "sqlite" );
self::connectScheme();
// read file
$content = file_get_contents( $file );
// Make changes and save them to an in-memory file
$file2 = 'static://db_scheme';
$content = str_replace( '*dbname*', $CONFIG_DBNAME, $content );
$content = str_replace( '*dbprefix*', $CONFIG_DBTABLEPREFIX, $content );
/* FIXME: REMOVE this commented code
* actually mysql, postgresql, sqlite and oracle support CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
* http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/timestamp-initialization.html
* http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.1/static/functions-datetime.html
* http://www.sqlite.org/lang_createtable.html
* http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14200/functions037.htm
*/
if( $CONFIG_DBTYPE == 'pgsql' ) { //mysql support it too but sqlite doesn't
$content = str_replace( '<default>0000-00-00 00:00:00</default>', '<default>CURRENT_TIMESTAMP</default>', $content );
}
file_put_contents( $file2, $content );
// Try to create tables
$definition = self::$schema->parseDatabaseDefinitionFile( $file2 );
//clean up memory
unlink( $file2 );
// Die in case something went wrong
if( $definition instanceof MDB2_Schema_Error ) {
die( $definition->getMessage().': '.$definition->getUserInfo());
}
if(OC_Config::getValue('dbtype', 'sqlite')==='oci') {
unset($definition['charset']); //or MDB2 tries SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
$oldname = $definition['name'];
$definition['name']=OC_Config::getValue( "dbuser", $oldname );
}
$ret=self::$schema->createDatabase( $definition );
// Die in case something went wrong
if( $ret instanceof MDB2_Error ) {
echo (self::$MDB2->getDebugOutput());
die ($ret->getMessage() . ': ' . $ret->getUserInfo());
}
return true;
}
/**
* @brief update the database scheme
* @param $file file to read structure from
*/
public static function updateDbFromStructure($file) {
$CONFIG_DBTABLEPREFIX = OC_Config::getValue( "dbtableprefix", "oc_" );
$CONFIG_DBTYPE = OC_Config::getValue( "dbtype", "sqlite" );
self::connectScheme();
// read file
$content = file_get_contents( $file );
$previousSchema = self::$schema->getDefinitionFromDatabase();
if (PEAR::isError($previousSchema)) {
$error = $previousSchema->getMessage();
$detail = $previousSchema->getDebugInfo();
OC_Log::write('core', 'Failed to get existing database structure for upgrading ('.$error.', '.$detail.')', OC_Log::FATAL);
return false;
}
// Make changes and save them to an in-memory file
$file2 = 'static://db_scheme';
$content = str_replace( '*dbname*', $previousSchema['name'], $content );
$content = str_replace( '*dbprefix*', $CONFIG_DBTABLEPREFIX, $content );
/* FIXME: REMOVE this commented code
* actually mysql, postgresql, sqlite and oracle support CUURENT_TIMESTAMP
* http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/timestamp-initialization.html
* http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.1/static/functions-datetime.html
* http://www.sqlite.org/lang_createtable.html
* http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14200/functions037.htm
if( $CONFIG_DBTYPE == 'pgsql' ) { //mysql support it too but sqlite doesn't
$content = str_replace( '<default>0000-00-00 00:00:00</default>', '<default>CURRENT_TIMESTAMP</default>', $content );
}
*/
file_put_contents( $file2, $content );
$op = self::$schema->updateDatabase($file2, $previousSchema, array(), false);
//clean up memory
unlink( $file2 );
if (PEAR::isError($op)) {
$error = $op->getMessage();
$detail = $op->getDebugInfo();
OC_Log::write('core', 'Failed to update database structure ('.$error.', '.$detail.')', OC_Log::FATAL);
return false;
}
return true;
}
/**
* @brief connects to a MDB2 database scheme
* @returns true/false
*
* Connects to a MDB2 database scheme
*/
private static function connectScheme() {
// We need a mdb2 database connection
self::connectMDB2();
self::$MDB2->loadModule('Manager');
self::$MDB2->loadModule('Reverse');
// Connect if this did not happen before
if(!self::$schema) {
require_once 'MDB2/Schema.php';
self::$schema=MDB2_Schema::factory(self::$MDB2);
}
return true;
}
/**
* @brief Insert a row if a matching row doesn't exists.
* @returns true/false
*
*/
public static function insertIfNotExist($table, $input) {
self::connect();
$prefix = OC_Config::getValue( "dbtableprefix", "oc_" );
$table = str_replace( '*PREFIX*', $prefix, $table );
if(is_null(self::$type)) {
self::$type=OC_Config::getValue( "dbtype", "sqlite" );
}
$type = self::$type;
$query = '';
// differences in escaping of table names ('`' for mysql) and getting the current timestamp
if( $type == 'sqlite' || $type == 'sqlite3' ) {
$query = 'REPLACE OR INSERT INTO "' . $table . '" ("'
. implode('","', array_keys($input)) . '") VALUES("'
. implode('","', array_values($input)) . '")';
} elseif( $type == 'pgsql' || $type == 'oci' || $type == 'mysql') {
$query = 'INSERT INTO `' .$table . '` ('
. implode(',', array_keys($input)) . ') SELECT \''
. implode('\',\'', array_values($input)) . '\' FROM ' . $table . ' WHERE ';
foreach($input as $key => $value) {
$query .= $key . " = '" . $value . '\' AND ';
}
$query = substr($query, 0, strlen($query) - 5);
$query .= ' HAVING COUNT(*) = 0';
}
// TODO: oci should be use " (quote) instead of ` (backtick).
//OC_Log::write('core', __METHOD__ . ', type: ' . $type . ', query: ' . $query, OC_Log::DEBUG);
try {
$result=self::$connection->prepare($query);
} catch(PDOException $e) {
$entry = 'DB Error: "'.$e->getMessage().'"<br />';
$entry .= 'Offending command was: '.$query.'<br />';
OC_Log::write('core', $entry,OC_Log::FATAL);
error_log('DB error: '.$entry);
die( $entry );
}
$result = new PDOStatementWrapper($result);
$result->execute();
}
/**
* @brief does minor chages to query
* @param $query Query string
* @returns corrected query string
*
* This function replaces *PREFIX* with the value of $CONFIG_DBTABLEPREFIX
* and replaces the ` woth ' or " according to the database driver.
*/
private static function processQuery( $query ) {
self::connect();
// We need Database type and table prefix
if(is_null(self::$type)) {
self::$type=OC_Config::getValue( "dbtype", "sqlite" );
}
$type = self::$type;
if(is_null(self::$prefix)) {
self::$prefix=OC_Config::getValue( "dbtableprefix", "oc_" );
}
$prefix = self::$prefix;
// differences in escaping of table names ('`' for mysql) and getting the current timestamp
if( $type == 'sqlite' || $type == 'sqlite3' ) {
$query = str_replace( '`', '"', $query );
$query = str_ireplace( 'NOW()', 'datetime(\'now\')', $query );
$query = str_ireplace( 'UNIX_TIMESTAMP()', 'strftime(\'%s\',\'now\')', $query );
}elseif( $type == 'pgsql' ) {
$query = str_replace( '`', '"', $query );
$query = str_ireplace( 'UNIX_TIMESTAMP()', 'cast(extract(epoch from current_timestamp) as integer)', $query );
}elseif( $type == 'oci' ) {
$query = str_replace( '`', '"', $query );
$query = str_ireplace( 'NOW()', 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP', $query );
}
// replace table name prefix
$query = str_replace( '*PREFIX*', $prefix, $query );
return $query;
}
/**
* @brief drop a table
* @param string $tableNamme the table to drop
*/
public static function dropTable($tableName) {
self::connectMDB2();
self::$MDB2->loadModule('Manager');
self::$MDB2->dropTable($tableName);
}
/**
* remove all tables defined in a database structure xml file
* @param string $file the xml file describing the tables
*/
public static function removeDBStructure($file) {
$CONFIG_DBNAME = OC_Config::getValue( "dbname", "owncloud" );
$CONFIG_DBTABLEPREFIX = OC_Config::getValue( "dbtableprefix", "oc_" );
self::connectScheme();
// read file
$content = file_get_contents( $file );
// Make changes and save them to a temporary file
$file2 = tempnam( get_temp_dir(), 'oc_db_scheme_' );
$content = str_replace( '*dbname*', $CONFIG_DBNAME, $content );
$content = str_replace( '*dbprefix*', $CONFIG_DBTABLEPREFIX, $content );
file_put_contents( $file2, $content );
// get the tables
$definition = self::$schema->parseDatabaseDefinitionFile( $file2 );
// Delete our temporary file
unlink( $file2 );
$tables=array_keys($definition['tables']);
foreach($tables as $table) {
self::dropTable($table);
}
}
/**
* @brief replaces the owncloud tables with a new set
* @param $file string path to the MDB2 xml db export file
*/
public static function replaceDB( $file ) {
$apps = OC_App::getAllApps();
self::beginTransaction();
// Delete the old tables
self::removeDBStructure( OC::$SERVERROOT . '/db_structure.xml' );
foreach($apps as $app) {
$path = OC_App::getAppPath($app).'/appinfo/database.xml';
if(file_exists($path)) {
self::removeDBStructure( $path );
}
}
// Create new tables
self::createDBFromStructure( $file );
self::commit();
}
/**
* Start a transaction
*/
public static function beginTransaction() {
self::connect();
if (self::$backend==self::BACKEND_MDB2 && !self::$connection->supports('transactions')) {
return false;
}
self::$connection->beginTransaction();
self::$inTransaction=true;
}
/**
* Commit the database changes done during a transaction that is in progress
*/
public static function commit() {
self::connect();
if(!self::$inTransaction) {
return false;
}
self::$connection->commit();
self::$inTransaction=false;
}
/**
* check if a result is an error, works with MDB2 and PDOException
* @param mixed $result
* @return bool
*/
public static function isError($result) {
if(!$result) {
return true;
}elseif(self::$backend==self::BACKEND_MDB2 and PEAR::isError($result)) {
return true;
}else{
return false;
}
}
/**
* returns the error code and message as a string for logging
* works with MDB2 and PDOException
* @param mixed $error
* @return string
*/
public static function getErrorMessage($error) {
if ( self::$backend==self::BACKEND_MDB2 and PEAR::isError($error) ) {
$msg = $error->getCode() . ': ' . $error->getMessage();
if (defined('DEBUG') && DEBUG) {
$msg .= '(' . $error->getDebugInfo() . ')';
}
} elseif (self::$backend==self::BACKEND_PDO and self::$PDO) {
$msg = self::$PDO->errorCode() . ': ';
$errorInfo = self::$PDO->errorInfo();
if (is_array($errorInfo)) {
$msg .= 'SQLSTATE = '.$errorInfo[0] . ', ';
$msg .= 'Driver Code = '.$errorInfo[1] . ', ';
$msg .= 'Driver Message = '.$errorInfo[2];
}
}
return $msg;
}
}
/**
* small wrapper around PDOStatement to make it behave ,more like an MDB2 Statement
*/
class PDOStatementWrapper{
private $statement=null;
private $lastArguments=array();
public function __construct($statement) {
$this->statement=$statement;
}
/**
* make execute return the result instead of a bool
*/
public function execute($input=array()) {
$this->lastArguments=$input;
if(count($input)>0) {
$result=$this->statement->execute($input);
}else{
$result=$this->statement->execute();
}
if($result) {
return $this;
}else{
return false;
}
}
/**
* provide numRows
*/
public function numRows() {
$regex = '/^SELECT\s+(?:ALL\s+|DISTINCT\s+)?(?:.*?)\s+FROM\s+(.*)$/i';
if (preg_match($regex, $this->statement->queryString, $output) > 0) {
$query = OC_DB::prepare("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {$output[1]}", PDO::FETCH_NUM);
return $query->execute($this->lastArguments)->fetchColumn();
}else{
return $this->statement->rowCount();
}
}
/**
* provide an alias for fetch
*/
public function fetchRow() {
return $this->statement->fetch();
}
/**
* pass all other function directly to the PDOStatement
*/
public function __call($name,$arguments) {
return call_user_func_array(array($this->statement,$name), $arguments);
}
/**
* Provide a simple fetchOne.
* fetch single column from the next row
* @param int $colnum the column number to fetch
*/
public function fetchOne($colnum = 0) {
return $this->statement->fetchColumn($colnum);
}
}
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